Which components are included in a box-and-whisker plot?

A box-and-whisker plot, also known as a box plot, is a standardized way of displaying the distribution of data based on a five-number summary. The correct choice includes the key components that define this plot, which are the median, lower extreme, lower quartile, upper quartile, and higher extreme.

Specifically, the median divides the dataset into two equal halves, indicating the middle value. The lower and upper quartiles represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively, showing the spread of the middle 50% of the data. The lower extreme is the minimum value, while the higher extreme is the maximum value in the dataset. Collectively, these components give a clear visual representation of the data's distribution, including its central tendency and variability.

The other choices mention components that do not accurately represent a box-and-whisker plot. For instance, including the mean is not relevant since a box plot focuses on medians and quartiles. Additionally, the range, while a concept related to spread, is not explicitly represented in the format of a box plot.