What does the Pythagorean theorem relate?

The Pythagorean theorem specifically relates to the sides of a right-angled triangle. It states that in a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides. This relationship can be expressed mathematically as ( a^2 + b^2 = c^2 ), where ( c ) is the length of the hypotenuse and ( a ) and ( b ) are the lengths of the other two sides. This theorem is fundamental in various areas of mathematics and physics, as it helps in determining distances and relationships between various geometric figures.

The other options do not pertain to the properties of triangles or specifically the Pythagorean theorem: angles of a circle, volume of a sphere, or the perimeter of a rectangle are governed by different mathematical principles and formulas.